Preliminary Data Analyses Indicates That Use of a Paired T-Test $\mathrm { H } _ { 0 } : \mu _ { 1 } = \mu _ { 2 }$

question 11

Essay

Preliminary data analyses indicates that use of a paired t-test is reasonable. Perform the hypothesis test by using eitherthe critical-value approach or the P-value approach as indicated. Assume that the null hypothesis is $\mathrm { H } _ { 0 } : \mu _ { 1 } = \mu _ { 2 }$
-A coach uses a new technique to train gymnasts. 7 gymnasts were randomly selected and their competition scores were recorded before and after the training. The results are shown below. $$\begin{array} { c | r r r r r r r } \text { Subject } & \text { A } & \text { B } & C & \text { D } & \text { E } & \text { F } & \text { G } \\ \hline \text { Before } & 9.7 & 9.7 & 9.4 & 9.6 & 9.7 & 9.7 & 9.4 \\ \hline \text { After } & 9.8 & 9.9 & 9.4 & 9.5 & 9.8 & 10 & 9.2 \end{array}$$ At the 1% significance level, do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the training technique is effective in raising scores? Use the critical-value approach.

Comprehend the significance of both upward and lateral influence for a leader in securing benefits and resources, and effectively representing team interests.

Acknowledge the impact of external constraints such as labor laws on leadership decisions and actions.

Appreciate the role of task and external behaviors in ensuring coordination within and outside the leader's work unit.

Understand the various leadership processes and problems, including common process problems and methods leaders develop their agendas.

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Definitions:

Lease Liability

An obligation representing the present value of future lease payments under a leasing agreement.

Present Value

The current valuation of a future sum or ongoing cash flows, given a specified rate of interest.

Sales-type Lease

A lease agreement where the lessor recognizes immediate profits on the sale of an asset while retaining its ownership.

Interest Revenue

Income that a company receives from its investments in bonds, loans, or other instruments that earn interest.