Verify That Each Equation Is an Identity $$\cot x \sec ^ { 4 } x = \cot x + 2 \tan x + \tan ^ { 3 } x$$

question 31

Essay

Verify that each equation is an identity.
- $$\cot x \sec ^ { 4 } x = \cot x + 2 \tan x + \tan ^ { 3 } x$$

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The difference between total revenue and total costs, including both explicit and implicit costs, representing additional earnings beyond the normal profit level.

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