Psychologists Have Found That People Are Generally Reluctant to Transmit

question 68

Essay

Psychologists have found that people are generally reluctant to transmit bad news to their
peers. This phenomenon has been named the ʺMUM effect.ʺ To investigate the cause of the
MUM effect, 40 undergraduates at a university participated in an experiment. Each subject
was asked to administer an IQ test to another student and then provide the test taker with
his or her percentile score. (Unknown to the subject, the test taker was a bogus student
who was working with the researchers.)The experimenters manipulated two factors,
subject visibility and success of test taker, each at two levels. Subject visibility was either
visible or not visible to the test taker. Success of test taker was either top 20% or bottom
20%. Ten subjects were randomly assigned to each of the 2 x 2 = 4 experimental
conditions, then the time (in seconds)between the end of the test and the delivery of the
percentile score from the subject to the test taker was measured. (This variable is called the
latency to feedback.)The data was subject to an analysis of variance, with the following
results: $\begin{array}{lrrccc}\text { Source } & \text { df } & \text { SS } & \text { MS } & \text { F } & \text { PR > F } \\\hline \text { Subject visibility } & 1 & 1380.24 & 1380.24 & 4.25 & 0.430 \\\text { Test taker success } & 1 & 1325.16 & 1325.16 & -1371.89 & 0.05 \\\text { Visibility x success } & 1 & 3385.80 & 3385.80 & 10.45 & .002 \\\text { Error } & 36 & 11,664.00 & 324.00 & & \\\hline \text { Total } & 39 & 17,755.20 & & & \\\hline\end{array}$

Is there evidence to indicate that subject visibility and test taker success interact?
Use $\alpha = .01$ .

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Catheter

A flexible tube inserted into the body for removing fluids or introducing medication directly into specific areas, such as the bladder.

Afferent Arteriole

A small artery that carries blood toward the glomeruli of the kidney, playing a key role in the regulation of blood pressure.

Sugar Reabsorption

The process by which the kidneys filter and reabsorb glucose back into the bloodstream, preventing excess sugar from being excreted in urine.

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