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Inverted-U Theory
A hypothesis suggesting that income inequality will rise and then fall over the course of economic development, forming an inverted U-shape curve.
R&D Expenditures
Funds allocated by companies, institutions, or governments towards research and development activities to innovate or improve products, services, or processes.
Industry Concentration
Industry concentration is the degree to which a small number of firms dominate the total output, sales, or employment in an industry.
Bell-Shaped-Curve
A graphical representation of a normal distribution in statistics, where the apex represents the highest point or the mean, and the curve tapers equally on both sides.
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