A Running Coach Wanted to See Whether Runners Ran Faster $t$

question 27

Multiple Choice

A running coach wanted to see whether runners ran faster after eating spaghetti the night before. A group of six runners was randomly chosen for this study. Each ran a 5 kilometer race after having a normal dinner the night before, and then a week later, reran the same race after having a spaghetti dinner the night before. The times for their races are shown in the table below. What test value should be used in a $t$ test for these depende samples?
$\begin{array}{l|cccccc} & \text { Runner 1 } & \text { Runner 2 } & \text { Runner 3 } & \text { Runner 4 } & \text { Runner 5 } & \text { Runner } \\\hline \text { Regular Dinner } & 989 \mathrm{~s} & 974 \mathrm{~s} & 998 \mathrm{~s} & 959 \mathrm{~s} & 1005 \mathrm{~s} & 985 \mathrm{~s} \\\text { Spaghetti Dinner } & 982 \mathrm{~s} & 969 \mathrm{~s} & 995 \mathrm{~s} & 958 \mathrm{~s} & 1006 \mathrm{~s} & 988 \mathrm{~s}\end{array}$

• A) 1.31
• B) 0.53
• C) 1.03
• D) 2.53

---

Definitions:

Counterproductive Work Behaviors

Are actions by employees that intentionally hinder organizational or team performance, including sabotage, theft, or purposeful inefficiency.

Organizational Citizenship Behaviors

Voluntary behaviors employees perform to help others and benefit the organization, going beyond their job requirements.

Co-Workers

Individuals with whom one shares a work environment, often contributing to one’s sense of belonging and teamwork efficacy.

High-Performance Work Practice

Organizational practices designed to enhance employee involvement, commitment, skills, and productivity, leading to superior business performance.