In the Chi-Square Test of Independence, the Formula Used Is $\chi ^ { 2 } = \frac { \Sigma ( \mathrm { O } - \mathrm { E } ) ^ { 2 } } { \mathrm { E } }$

question 19

Essay

In the chi-square test of independence, the formula used is $\chi ^ { 2 } = \frac { \Sigma ( \mathrm { O } - \mathrm { E } ) ^ { 2 } } { \mathrm { E } }$ . Discuss the meaning of $\mathrm { O }$ and $\mathrm { E }$ and explain the circumstances under which the $\chi ^ { 2 }$ values will be smaller or larger. What is the relationship between a significant $\chi ^ { 2 }$ value and the values of O and E?

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Definitions:

Exergonic

Describing a chemical reaction that releases energy to its surroundings, typically in the form of heat or work.

Endergonic

Endergonic refers to a chemical reaction where energy is absorbed from the surroundings, generally requiring an input of energy to proceed.

Hydrolysis

A chemical reaction in which water is used to break down the bonds of a particular substance.

Activation Energy

The minimum amount of energy required to initiate a chemical reaction.