Use A $\chi ^ { 2 }$ Test to Test the Claim That in the Given Contingency

question 39

Essay

Use a $\chi ^ { 2 }$ test to test the claim that in the given contingency table, the row variable and the column variable are independent.
-Tests for adverse reactions to a new drug yielded the results given in the table. At the 0.05 significance level, test the claim that the treatment (drug or placebo) is independent of the reaction (whether or not headaches were experienced). $$\begin{array} { r | r r } & \text { Drug }&\text { Placebo } \\\hline \text { Headaches } & 11 & 7 \\\text { No headaches } & 73 & 91\end{array}$$

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Definitions:

Retrieval Cues

Stimuli that help you recall or access memories, often by triggering an associated memory.

Emotional States

The complex feelings that result from the body's reaction to a situation, affecting mood and behavior.

Primacy Effect

Refers to the tendency to remember information at the beginning of a list better than information in the middle or at the end.

Repression

A defense mechanism where unwanted or disturbing thoughts, memories, or desires are unconsciously pushed out of conscious awareness.