Cats and Dogs the Table Shows Whether Students in an Introductory

question 50

Essay

Cats and dogs The table shows whether students in an introductory statistics class like
dogs and/or cats.
a. What is the marginal distribution (in %) of "liking dogs"?
b. What is the conditional distribution (in %) of "liking dogs" for students who like cats?
c. What kind of display(s) would you use to examine the association between "liking dogs"
and "liking cats"? (Just name a graph.)
d. Do "liking dogs" and "liking cats" appear to be independent? Give statistical evidence to
support your conclusion.

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Definitions:

Desired Behavior

The specific actions or reactions that an individual or organization seeks to encourage or bring about.

Immediate Reinforcement

The delivery of a reward directly after a desired behavior is performed, enhancing its likelihood of recurrence.

Immediate Reinforcement

The prompt delivery of a reward or punishment following a behavior, which strengthens the likelihood of that behavior occurring again.

Contingent Reinforcement

A reward that is given only after a specific behavior is demonstrated, used to encourage that behavior in the future.