The Vast Majority of States and the District of Columbia

question 583

Essay

The vast majority of states and the District of Columbia have adopted the Common Core
State Standards (CCSS) for math and English language arts. Do teachers support the CCSS?
In March 2003, The American Federal of Teachers (AFT) asked AFT member teachers
"Based on what you know about the Common Core State Standards and the expectations
they set for children, do you approve or disapprove of your state's decision to adopt them?
" The following results were reported in American Educator (Volume 32, No. 2, Summer
2013, pg. 3): 27% Strongly Approve; 48% Somewhat Approve; 14% Somewhat Disapprove;
8% Strongly Approve; 3% Not Sure.
A district superintendent asked the same question to the teachers in her district to assess
the level of teacher support for the CCSS within the district. She obtained the following
results. $$\begin{array} { | l | c | c | c | c | c | } \hline \text { Response } & \begin{array} { c } \text { Strongly } \\\text { Approve }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Somewhat } \\\text { Approve }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Somewhat } \\\text { Disapprove }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Strongly } \\\text { Disapprove }\end{array} & \text { Not Sure } \\\hline \text { Frequency } & 55 & 106 & 28 & 32 & 9 \\\hline\end{array}$$
a. Test an appropriate hypothesis to ascertain if the district CCSS approval distribution
matches the national AFT approval distribution.
b. Which response impacted your decision the most? Explain what this means in the
context of the problem.

Understand the concept of opportunity cost in decision-making under scarcity.

Comprehend the impact of income and price changes on consumer choices and budget constraints.

Realize the purpose and nature of economic models and statements.

Apply the concept of opportunity cost in the context of consumer choice between different goods.

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Definitions:

Reconciliation Method

A process used in accounting to ensure that two sets of records (usually the balances of two accounts) are in agreement.

Absorption Costing

A calculation method for product pricing that includes all components of manufacturing costs—direct materials, direct labor, both variable and fixed overheads— into the product's overall cost.

Net Operating Income

The profit generated from a business's operations after subtracting operating expenses but before deducting interest and taxes.

Variable Costing

A pricing approach that incorporates only variable manufacturing expenses into the cost of products, while considering fixed overhead costs as expenses for the period.