Suppose a Study Was Conducted to See Whether There Is

question 18

Multiple Choice

Suppose a study was conducted to see whether there is an association between marital status and vehicle color. The table below shows the results from the study. Assume all conditions for testing have been met. $\begin{array}{c|c|c|c} & {\text { Vehicle color }} \\& \text { red } & \text { black/white/silver } & \text { blue/green/other } \\\hline \text { Married } & 45 & 22 & 19 \\\hline \text { Unmarried } & 35 & 11 & 18\end{array}$
This was an observational study of randomly chosen vehicle owners. Test the hypothesis that marital status and vehicle color are associated, using a significance level of $0.05$ . Choose the correct decision regarding the null hypothesis and conclusion. Refer to the computer output below.
$\begin{array} { | l | } \hline \chi ^ { 2 } - \text { Test } \\X ^ { 2 } = 1.754774169 \\p = .4158681217 \\\mathrm { df } = 2\\\hline\end{array}$

• A) Reject the null hypothesis; marital status and vehicle color are not associated.
• B) Fail to reject the null hypothesis; marital status and vehicle color are not associated.
• C) Fail to reject the null hypothesis; marital status and vehicle color are associated.
• D) Reject the null hypothesis; marital status and vehicle color are associated.

Discuss the importance of understanding unconscious influences, including stereotypes and prejudiced reactions.

Recognize the role of unconditional positive regard and healthy personal growth as proposed by humanistic psychologists.

Understand the psychological concept of projection and related defense mechanisms.

Assess the applicability and criticism of humanistic theories, notably Maslow's and Rogers's contributions to personality theory.

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Definitions:

Production Possibilities Frontier

A graph that represents the highest possible production levels for two or more products, based on available inputs such as resources and labor.

Opportunity Costs

The cost of forgoing the next best alternative when making a decision, crucial in evaluating the true cost of any economic choice.

Law of Increasing Costs

An economic principle stating that as the production of one good increases, the opportunity cost of producing an additional unit of this good also increases, assuming all resources are fully utilized.

Capacity Utilization Rate

A measure of how efficiently a firm or economy is using its productive capacity, often expressed as a percentage of total potential output.