Use the Following Information to Answer the Question $\text { Days of outdoor activity ( } 30 \text { minutes or more) }$

question 2

Essay

Use the following information to answer the question. The data in the top row of the table shows the number of days for which the respondent participated in an outdoor activity for at least thirty minutes in the previous 60 days. The respondents also reported their level of happiness; Very H means very happy, and so on. $\text { Days of outdoor activity ( } 30 \text { minutes or more) }$
$\begin{array}{ll}\begin{array}{|l|}\hline \text { Level of }\\\text { Happiness}\\\hline \end{array}&\begin{array}{l|c|c|c|c|c|c}&0&1&2&3&4&5+\\\hline\text { Very H } & 8 & 12 & 17 & 19 & 21 & 24 \\\text { Fairly H } & 4 & 5 & 25 & 14 & 25 & 30 \\\text { Not very H } & 4 & 6 & 6 & 3 & 0 & 1 \\\text { Not H } & 7 & 5 & 6 & 1 & 0 & 1\end{array}\\\end{array}$
-The following table shows the data after merging categories so that there are two column categories (0-2 days of outdoor activity of at least thirty minutes and 3 or more days of outdoor activity of at least thirty minutes), and two row categories (happy and unhappy). Expected values for each cell are also shown in parenthesis. Test the hypothesis that there is an association between happiness and with level of daily outdoor activity in the last 60 days, using a significance level of 0.05. State the value of the test statistic rounded to two decimal places, state whether the p-value is closer to zero or one. $$\begin{array} { l | l | l } & \begin{array} { l } 0 - 2 \text { days of } \\ \text { outdoor activity } \end{array} & \begin{array} { l } \text { 3+ days of } \\ \text { outdoor activity } \end{array} \\ \hline \text { Happy } & 71 & 133 \\ & ( 87.787 ) & ( 116.21 ) \\ \hline \text { Unhappy } & 34 & 6 \\ & ( 17.213 ) & ( 22.787 ) \end{array}$$

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Definitions:

Irish Shamrock Model

A conceptual framework proposed by Charles Handy that describes an organization structure divided into three parts: core staff, contractual fringe, and flexible labor force.

Core Workers

Essential employees who are critical to the foundational operations and success of a business.

Contract Workers

Individuals who are employed on a contract basis for a specific period or project, lacking some of the benefits and protections afforded to permanent employees.

Part-Time Workers

Employees who work fewer hours than full-time workers, typically under a flexible schedule.