Three Ideal Polarizers Are Oriented as Follows: the Axis of the Second

question 96

Short Answer

Three ideal polarizers are oriented as follows: The axis of the second polarizer is at an angle of $59.0 ^ { \circ }$ relative to the first one. The axis of the third polarizer is at an angle of $31.0 ^ { \circ }$ relative to the second one, so the axis of the axis of the third polarizer is perpendicular to the axis of the first one. Unpolarized light of intensity $18.6 \mathrm {~W} / \mathrm { m } ^ { 2 }$ is incident on the first polarizer.
(a) What is the intensity of the light after it passes through all three polarizers?
(b) What is the intensity of the transmitted light if the second polarizer is removed?

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Definitions:

Boer War

Conflicts between the British Empire and the Boers of the Transvaal and Orange Free State in South Africa between 1880-1881 and 1899-1902.

Colonial Conflicts

Disputes and wars between colonial powers and indigenous peoples or among colonial powers themselves over land, resources, or political dominance.

Anglo-French Rivalry

A series of military, colonial, and economic conflicts between Britain and France that spanned several centuries, impacting global politics and territories.

Fashoda Affair

A diplomatic crisis between France and Britain in 1898 over control of Sudan, highlighting imperial rivalries and leading to the eventual Entente Cordiale.