An Instructor Gives a Test Before and After a Lesson

question 14

Essay

An instructor gives a test before and after a lesson and results from randomly selected students are given below. At the 0.05 level of significance, test the claim that the lesson has no effect on the grade. Use the sign test. $$\begin{array} { l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l } \text { Before } & 54 & 61 & 56 & 41 & 38 & 57 & 42 & 71 & 88 & 42 & 36 & 23 & 22 & 46 & 51 \\\hline \text { After } & 82 & 87 & 84 & 76 & 79 & 87 & 42 & 97 & 99 & 74 & 85 & 96 & 69 & 84 & 79\end{array}$$

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Definitions:

Norms

Standards established by society to tell its members what types of behavior are typical or expected.

Standards

Accepted or agreed-upon criteria or levels of quality that serve as measures for comparison or guidelines.

Society

A group of individuals living together in a more or less ordered community, sharing customs, laws, and organization.

Reciprocity

A social norm of responding to a positive action with another positive action, fostering mutual benefit and cooperation.