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Solve the problem. For large numbers of degrees of freedom, the critical values can be approximated as follows: , where is the number of degrees of freedom and is the critical value. To find the lower critical value, the negative -value is used, to find the upper critical value, the positive -value is used. Use this approximation to estimate the critical value of in a two-tailed hypothesis test with and .
Affirmative Action
Policies or measures taking individuals' ethnicity, gender, or culture into consideration to promote equal opportunity or correct historical injustices.
Racial Politics
The interplay of political decisions, policies, and practices that are influenced by race, affecting the dynamics of power and privilege in society.
Hispanic Voting Population
The segment of the population identified as Hispanic or Latino that is eligible to vote, significant for its impact on electoral outcomes and political trends.
White Voting Population
The demographic segment of voters in the United States or other nations who identify as Caucasian or white.
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