If a New Force Were Discovered That Had a Range

question 62

Essay

If a new force were discovered that had a range on the order of 10^-18 meters:
(a) predict the mass of the exchange particle.
(b) how long is conservation of energy violated in the exchange of this particle?

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Definitions:

Standardized Test Statistic

A measure used in statistical hypothesis testing, indicating how far a sample statistic deviates from its null hypothesis expected value, typically expressed as a z-score.

Two-Tail Test

is a statistical test that considers extreme values in both tails of the distribution to test for a non-specific alternative hypothesis.

Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test

A non-parametric statistical test used to compare two independent samples to assess whether their populations differ in terms of their central tendency.

Ordered Array

An ordered array is a collection of elements arranged in a specified manner, often in ascending or descending order, facilitating easier search and analysis of the data.