Use the Properties of Logarithms to Evaluate the Expression Without $$\log _ { 3 } 3 ^ { - 4 }$$

question 164

Multiple Choice

Use the properties of logarithms to evaluate the expression without the use of a calculator.
- $$\log _ { 3 } 3 ^ { - 4 }$$

• A)1
• B)3
• C)-12
• D)-4

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Definitions:

Implicit Marginal Tax Rates

The effective rate of taxation on an individual’s additional income from work or other sources, taking into account the loss of benefits or tax deductions as income increases.

Income Transfer Programs

Government initiatives designed to redistribute money from certain groups of individuals to others, typically from the wealthier segments of society to those in need, to reduce economic inequality.

Able-bodied Poor

Individuals who are physically capable of working but are living in poverty due to unemployment, underemployment, or low wages.

Implicit Marginal Tax Rates

The effective rate at which additional income is taxed, considering both explicit taxes and the phase-out of benefits or allowances.