Use the Following Information to Answer Questions (5) - (7)

question 11

Multiple Choice

Use the following information to answer questions (5) - (7) . A tire manufacturer has made some
modifications to its most popular tire and wants to see if the tread on the modified tire will last
longer than the original tire. Because there is much variation in the way people drive, the
manufacturer decides to use blocking to reduce this variation. Twenty cars will be used to test the
tires. Ten cars are randomly selected to receive an original tire on the right rear wheel and a
modified tire on the left rear wheel. The remaining ten cars will receive an original tire on the left
rear wheel and a modified tire on the right rear wheel. Each car will then be driven 10,000 miles and
the amount of wear recorded for each wheel.
-Was the study described above most likely an observational study or a controlled experiment?

• A)Observational study because the researcher decided which car received which type of tire.
• B)Observational study because the tires were not a random sample.
• C)Experimental because the researchers placed both types of tires on each car, randomly assigning one type of tire to the right side and the other type to the left side.
• D)Experimental because the researcher could not control how fast each car was driven.

Comprehend the essential tenets of Rotter's social learning theory, especially the importance of expectancy strength and reinforcement value.

Familiarize with the concept of shaping and its application in behavior modification and therapy.

Understand the role of self-efficacy and efficacy expectations in learning new behaviors and tasks.

Recognize the impact of mass media and modeled behaviors on children’s aggression through Bandura’s experiments.

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Definitions:

Inferences

The act of drawing conclusions from data or evidence.

Institutional Review Board (IRB)

A committee established to review and approve research involving human subjects, ensuring ethical standards and participants' rights are upheld.

Research Participants

Individuals who take part in research studies and whose data or responses may contribute to scientific findings.

Premarital Sex

Sexual activity between people who are not married to each other.