Use the Following Information for Following Questions

question 45

Multiple Choice

Use the following information for following questions:. Often college students taking an
introductory course in psychology are required to participate in research experiments. One experiment
was performed to see if using colored paper increased reading comprehension. One hundred students
enrolled in an introductory college psychology course volunteered to participate in the study. Fifty of the
students were randomly chosen to read a chapter in a psychology test that was printed on yellow paper
and the remaining fifty students were given the same chapter to read printed on white paper. After
reading the chapter, each student was asked to answer a series of questions to test his/her comprehension.
The results indicated that those students reading the chapter printed on yellow paper tended to have higher
comprehension scores than those students reading the chapter printed on white paper.
-Choose the statement that correctly explains why we can or cannot make a cause-and-effect conclusion.

• A)This was an observational study so we cannot conclude that reading comprehension increases when reading text printed on yellow paper.
• B)The participants were not selected from a larger population so we cannot conclude a cause-and- effect relationship.
• C)Since this was a controlled observational study, we can conclude there was a cause-and-effect relationship.
• D)This was an experimental study so we conclude that reading comprehension increases when reading from text printed on yellow paper, but the results cannot be generalized beyond the
• Sample.

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Definitions:

Shared Leadership

A style of leadership that distributes influence among groups and individuals to achieve organizational or team goals.

Responsibility

The state or fact of being accountable or to blame for something, implying the duty to deal with something or of having control over someone.

Workgroup

A collection of individuals who come together to achieve a common goal or task, often in a professional context.

Behavior-Focused Strategies

Approaches used in managing human behavior, especially in organizational settings, that aim to shape, guide, and reinforce desirable behaviors while discouraging undesirable ones.