[Objective: Test a Hypothesis for a Population Proportion] a Medical

question 51

Multiple Choice

[Objective: Test a hypothesis for a population proportion] A medical researcher conducts a hypothesis test to test the claim that U.S. adult males have gained weight over the past 15 years. Assume that all the conditions for proceeding with a one-sample test on proportions have been met. The calculated test statistic is approximately 1.71 with an associated p-value of approximately 0.0436. Choose the conclusion that provides the best interpretation for the P-value at a significance level of

• A) If the null hypothesis is true, then the probability of getting a test statistic that is as extreme or more extreme than the calculated test statistic of 1.71 is 0.0436. This result is not surprising and could easily happen by chance.
• B) If the null hypothesis is true, then the probability of getting a test statistic that is as extreme or more extreme than the calculated test statistic of 1.71 is 0.0436. This result is surprising and could not easily happen by chance.
• C) The p-value should be considered extreme; therefore the hypothesis test proves that the null hypothesis is true.
• D) If the null hypothesis is true, then the probability of getting a test statistic that is as extreme or more extreme than the calculated test statistic of 1.71 is 0.0436. The result should be doubled for a two-sided test. This result is not surprising and could easily happen by chance.