[Objective: Test a Hypothesis for a Population Proportion] a Medical

question 51

Multiple Choice

[Objective: Test a hypothesis for a population proportion] A medical researcher conducts a hypothesis test to test the claim that U.S. adult males have gained weight over the past 15 years. Assume that all the conditions for proceeding with a one-sample test on proportions have been met. The calculated test statistic is approximately 1.71 with an associated p-value of approximately 0.0436. Choose the conclusion that provides the best interpretation for the P-value at a significance level of

• A) If the null hypothesis is true, then the probability of getting a test statistic that is as extreme or more extreme than the calculated test statistic of 1.71 is 0.0436. This result is not surprising and could easily happen by chance.
• B) If the null hypothesis is true, then the probability of getting a test statistic that is as extreme or more extreme than the calculated test statistic of 1.71 is 0.0436. This result is surprising and could not easily happen by chance.
• C) The p-value should be considered extreme; therefore the hypothesis test proves that the null hypothesis is true.
• D) If the null hypothesis is true, then the probability of getting a test statistic that is as extreme or more extreme than the calculated test statistic of 1.71 is 0.0436. The result should be doubled for a two-sided test. This result is not surprising and could easily happen by chance.

Grasp the influence of emotional and cognitive factors on perception and response times (e.g., Emotional Stroop Test).

Analyze the role of subjective interpretation in psychological evaluations and profiling.

Understand the statistical implications of psychological testing results, especially in diagnosing conditions like schizophrenia.

Discuss the scientific attempts at categorizing types of crimes and criminals.

---

Definitions:

Diseconomies of Scale

The situation in which a firm's long-run average costs begin to increase as the firm expands output beyond a certain point.

Student Enrollment

The process by which students register for and commit to participating in educational programs or courses at an institution.

Average Total Cost

The total cost of production (fixed and variable costs combined) divided by the number of units produced.

Minimum Efficient Scale

The smallest quantity of output at which long-run average cost reaches its lowest level, allowing a firm to fully exploit economies of scale.