Examlex
A distribution in excess of E & P is treated as capital gain by shareholders.
Lower Levels
Refers to the subordinate or base layers within a hierarchical structure or system.
Organizational Hierarchy
The arrangement of individuals within an organization into different levels of authority and segments based on job function or department.
Upward Communication
The flow of information from lower levels of a hierarchy to higher levels.
Downward Communication
Information flow from the higher levels of a hierarchy to the lower levels, typically used for instructions, performance feedback, and policy announcements.
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