Let $A = \{ 0,1,2,3 \}$ And Define a Relation $R$ On $A$

question 3

Essay

Let $A = \{ 0,1,2,3 \}$ and define a relation $R$ on $A$ as follows: $R = \{ ( 0,2 ) , ( 0,3 ) , ( 2,0 ) , ( 2,1 ) \}$ .
(a) Draw the directed graph of $R$ .
(b) Is $R$ reflexive? Explain.
(c) Is $R$ symmetric? Explain.
(d) Is $R$ transitive? Explain.

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Definitions:

Classical Conditioning

A training method where two signals are consistently associated with each other; a reaction initially triggered by the second signal ultimately becomes triggered by just the first signal alone.

Stimulus Generalization

The process by which a conditioned response is triggered by stimuli that are similar but not identical to the original conditioned stimulus.

Learned Helplessness

A condition in which a person suffers from a sense of powerlessness, arising from a traumatic event or persistent failure to succeed, characterized by a lack of initiative, effort, or persistence.

Latent Learning

Learning that occurs without any obvious reinforcement and is not demonstrated until there is an incentive to perform.