The Following Data Were Collected to Determine Whether or Not $\chi ^ { 2 } = 20.77 ; \quad P$

question 9

Multiple Choice

The following data were collected to determine whether or not the retirement age is the same for people in different professions.

$\chi ^ { 2 } = 20.77 ; \quad P$ -value $= 0.0137$

• A) Reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the age at retirement is uniformly distributed for each career.
• B) Reject the null hypothesis and conclude that career and retirement age are related.
• C) Do not reject the null hypothesis and conclude that career and retirement age are independent.
• D) Reject the null hypothesis and conclude that career and retirement age are independent.
• E) Do not reject the null hypothesis and conclude that career and retirement age are related.

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Definitions:

Ignoring Base Rates

Ignoring base rates is a cognitive bias that involves disregarding or underestimating general information (base rates) in favor of specific individual information when making decisions or judgments.

Availability Bias

A cognitive bias that causes people to overestimate the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory, often leading to skewed decision-making.

Belief Perseverance

The tendency to cling to one's initial belief even after receiving new information that contradicts or disconfirms the basis of that belief.

Confirmation Bias

A predisposition to identify, comprehend, prioritize, and recollect facts in ways that corroborate one’s existing beliefs or suppositions.