A Skeptical Paranormal Researcher Claims That the Proportion of Americans $5 \%$

question 10

Multiple Choice

A skeptical paranormal researcher claims that the proportion of Americans that have seen a UFO, p, is less than $5 \%$ . Identify the Type II error in this context.

• A) The error of rejecting the claim that the true proportion is at least \(5 \%\) when it really is at least \(5 \%\).
• B) The error of failing to reject the claim that the true proportion is at least \(5 \%\) when it is actually less than \(5 \%\).
• C) The error of accepting the claim that the true proportion is at least \(5 \%\) when it really is at least \(5 \%\).
• D) The error of rejecting the claim that the true proportion is less than \(5 \%\) when it really is less than \(5 \%\).
• E) The error of accepting the claim that the true proportion is at least \(5 \%\) when it is actually less than \(5 \%\).

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Definitions:

Delayed Reinforcement

A technique in behavior modification that involves a time delay between the desired response of an organism and the delivery of reward.

Classical Conditioning

An educational approach where two stimuli are persistently paired; the response, initially the result of the second stimulus, eventually becomes the result of the first stimulus alone.

Operant Conditioning

A process of learning in which the dynamics of behavior are adjusted by assigning incentives or penalties.

Extinction

In psychology, the gradual weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response tendency.