A Skeptical Paranormal Researcher Claims That the Proportion of Americans $5 \%$

question 7

Multiple Choice

A skeptical paranormal researcher claims that the proportion of Americans that have seen a UFO is less than $5 \%$ . The correct null and alternative hypotheses for testing this claim are

• A) \(H _ { 0 } : p < 0.05 , H _ { A } : p = 0.05\)
• B) \(H _ { 0 } : p = 0.05 , H _ { A } : p > 0.05\)
• C) \(H _ { 0 } : p > 0.05 , H _ { A } : p = 0.05\)
• D) \(H _ { 0 } : p = 0.05 , H _ { A } : p < 0.05\)
• E) \(H _ { 0 } : p < 0.05 , H _ { A } : p > 0.05\)

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Definitions:

Representativeness Heuristic

The tendency to judge the frequency or likelihood of an event by the extent to which it resembles the typical case.

Actor/observer Bias

The tendency to attribute one's own actions to external factors while attributing others' actions to their character or disposition.

Heuristics

Mental shortcuts or rules of thumb that simplify decision-making processes but sometimes lead to biased or inaccurate judgments.

Intentions

Planned or desired outcomes that an individual seeks to achieve through specific actions.