Determine Whether the Binary Relation Is:
(1) Reflexive, (2) Symmetric

question 50

Short Answer

determine whether the binary relation is:
(1) reflexive, (2) symmetric, (3) antisymmetric, (4) transitive.
- $$\text { The relation } R \text { on the set } \{ ( a , b ) \mid a , b \in \mathcal { Z } \} \text { where } ( a , b ) R ( c , d ) \text { means } a = c \text { or } b = d \text {. }$$

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Definitions:

Variable Cost

Costs that vary in direct proportion to changes in levels of production or business activity, such as materials and labor.

Fixed Cost

A cost that does not change with the volume of sales.

Fixed Costs

Expenses that do not change in proportion to the activity of a business, such as rent, salaries, and loan payments.

Variable Costs

Costs that vary directly with the level of production or sales, such as materials and labor.