Determine Whether the Binary Relation Is:
(1) Reflexive, (2) Symmetric $$\text { The relation } R \text { on } \mathcal { R } \text { where } a R b \text { means } a - b \in \mathcal { Z } \text {. }$$

question 56

Short Answer

determine whether the binary relation is:
(1) reflexive, (2) symmetric, (3) antisymmetric, (4) transitive.
- $$\text { The relation } R \text { on } \mathcal { R } \text { where } a R b \text { means } a - b \in \mathcal { Z } \text {. }$$

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Definitions:

Neural Impulse

The electrical signal that travels along the nerve cells, facilitating communication within the nervous system.

Physical Stimulus

Any external factor that can provoke a physical response or reaction from a biological organism.

Transduction

The process of converting one form of energy into another, as in sensory systems where physical stimuli are converted into neural signals.

Sensory Coding

The process through which the nervous system represents the qualities of the incoming stimulus— whether auditory or visual, for example, or whether a red light or a green one, a sour taste or a sweet taste.