Use Reduction Formulas to Evaluate the Integral $$\int \sec ^ { 3 } 4 x d x$$

question 116

Multiple Choice

Use reduction formulas to evaluate the integral.
- $$\int \sec ^ { 3 } 4 x d x$$

• A) \(\frac { 1 } { 8 } \sec ^ { 2 } 4 x \tan 4 x + \frac { 1 } { 8 } \ln | \sec 4 x + \tan 4 x | + C\)
• B) \(\frac { 1 } { 8 } \sec 4 x \tan 4 x + \frac { 1 } { 8 } \ln | \sec 4 x + \tan 4 x | + C\)
• C) \(\frac { 1 } { 8 } \sec 4 x \tan 4 x + \frac { 1 } { 8 } \ln | \sec 4 x + \cot 4 x | + C\)
• D) \(\frac { 1 } { 8 } \sec 4 x \tan 4 x - \frac { 1 } { 4 } \ln | \sec 4 x + \tan 4 x | + C\)

Recognize the role of social insurance taxes and their earmarking for social programs.

Understand the concepts of tax efficiency, evasion, avoidance, and equity.

Acknowledge the significance of administrative burden and deadweight losses in a tax system.

Grasp the differences in revenue sources and spending priorities between federal and state/local governments.

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Definitions:

Normal Balance

The side (debit or credit) of an account that increases its balance, reflecting the account's role in the accounting equation.

Financial Statement

A formal record of the financial activities and position of a business, individual, or other entity, detailing assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses over a specific period.

Permanent/Temporary

Used to classify accounts, with permanent accounts being those that carry their balances over into the next fiscal year, and temporary accounts being closed at the end of the fiscal year.

Normal Balance

The typical or usual balance of an account, which can be a debit for asset and expense accounts, or a credit for liability, equity, and revenue accounts.