Use the Trapezoidal Rule with N = 4 Steps to Estimate

question 346

Multiple Choice

Use the Trapezoidal Rule with n = 4 steps to estimate the integral.
- $$\int _ { 1 } ^ { 3 } \frac { 1 } { x ^ { 2 } } d x$$

• A) \(\frac { 141 } { 200 }\)
• B) \(\frac { 141 } { 400 }\)
• C) \(\frac { 71 } { 100 }\)
• D) \(\frac { 141 } { 100 }\)

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Definitions:

Trace Conditioning

A form of classical conditioning where the conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus are presented separately with a time interval between them.

Temporal Conditioning

A type of conditioning in which the timing of the stimulus (rather than an overt physical stimulus) serves as the basis for the formation of an association, with reinforcement occurring at regular intervals.

Backward Conditioning

A conditioning process where the unconditioned stimulus is presented before the conditioned stimulus, often resulting in weaker associations.

CS

An abbreviation for Conditioned Stimulus, which is a previously neutral stimulus that, after being associated with an unconditioned stimulus, elicits a conditioned response.