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Solve the problem.
-A charged particle of mass and charge moving in an electric field E has an acceleration a given by ,
where and are constants. Find .
Altruism
The behavior of an individual that benefits another at its own expense, observed in various species as a part of social interaction.
Female Aphids
Asexual or sexual reproductive females of the aphid species, known for their ability to produce offspring without mating in some cases.
Territoriality
A behavioral pattern in animals involving the establishment and defense of a territory to claim exclusive use of resources within it.
Dominance Hierarchy
A social structure in animal groups where individuals are ranked according to their access to resources or dominance.
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