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Use the given transformation to evaluate the integral.
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where is the parallelogram bounded by the lines
Environmental Gradients
Variations in environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and nutrient availability over a certain area, often leading to a distribution pattern of species.
Species Survivability
The ability of a species to persist and maintain its population over time, influenced by factors like genetic diversity, reproduction rates, and environmental conditions.
Organismic Model
A conceptual model that views an organization or system as a living organism with interdependent parts, used to understand complex systems.
Individualistic Model
A concept in ecology that emphasizes the importance of individual variation in influencing community structure.
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