An Instructor Gives a Test Before and After a Lesson

question 61

Essay

An instructor gives a test before and after a lesson and results from randomly selected students are given below.
At the 0.05 level of significance, test the claim that the lesson has no effect on the grade. Use the sign test. $\begin{array}{llllllllllllllll}\text { Before } & 54 & 61 & 56 & 41 & 38 & 57 & 42 & 71 & 88 & 42 & 36 & 23 & 22 & 46 & 51 \\\hline \text { After } & 82 & 87 & 84 & 76 & 79 & 87 & 42 & 97 & 99 & 74 & 85 & 96 & 69 & 84 & 79\end{array}$

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Definitions:

Linking Details

The practice of connecting or associating individual facts or pieces of information to form a coherent whole.

Negative Information

Unfavorable, adverse, or undesirable data or facts about a situation, individual, or entity.

Stereotyping

Assigning generalized attributes to individuals based solely on their membership in a particular group, ignoring personal differences.