11 Runners Are Timed at the 100-Meter Dash and Are

question 65

Essay

11 runners are timed at the 100-meter dash and are timed again one month later after following a new training
program. The times (in seconds) are shown in the table. Use Wilcoxon's signed-ranks test and a significance
level of 0.05 to test the claim that the training has no effect on the times. $$\begin{array} { l l l l l l l l l l l l } \text { Before } & 12.1 & 12.4 & 11.7 & 11.5 & 11.0 & 11.8 & 12.3 & 10.8 & 12.6 & 12.7 & 10.7 \\\hline \text { After } & 11.9 & 12.4 & 11.8 & 11.4 & 11.2 & 11.5 & 12.0 & 10.9 & 12.0 & 12.2 & 11.1\end{array}$$

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Definitions:

Smooth Muscle Fibers

Muscle tissue that is involuntary, non-striated, and found in the walls of internal organs and blood vessels.

Cardiac Muscle Fibers

Specialized muscle fibers found in the heart that enable its contraction and beating.

Involuntary Control

The regulation of bodily functions not under conscious control, such as heartbeat and digestion.

Striations

Linear marks, grooves, or ridges on a surface, often observed in muscle tissue or rocks.