The Following Table Entries Are Test Scores for Males and Females

question 4

Essay

The following table entries are test scores for males and females at different times of day. Assuming no effect
from the interaction between gender and test time, test the claim that time of day does not affect test scores. Use
a 0.05 significance level. $\begin{array}{l|cccc} & 6 \text { a.m. }-9 \text { a.m. } 9 \text { a.m. - } 12 \text { p.m. } 12 \text { p.m. - 3 p.m. 3 p.m. - 6 p.m. } \\\hline \text { Male } & 87 & 89 & 92 & 85 \\\text { Female } & 72 & 84 & 94 & 89\end{array}$

$\begin{array}{lcllcc}\text { Source } & \text { DF } & \text { SS } & \text { MS } & \text { F } & p \\\text { Gender } & 1 & 24.5 & 24.5 & 0.6652 & 0.4745 \\\text { Time } & 3 & 183 & 61 & 1.6561 & 0.3444 \\\text { Error } & 3 & 110.5 & 36.83 & & \\\text { Total } & 7 & 318 & & &\end{array}$

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Definitions:

Greater Power

Refers to the superior strength or influence one entity holds over another, potentially affecting decisions and outcomes.

Decentralized Bargaining

A negotiation strategy where collective bargaining is conducted at a local or departmental level, rather than on a national or organizational level, allowing for more specific and directly relevant agreements.

Strike Leverage

The power or advantage that workers gain during negotiations by threatening or conducting a strike to pressure employers into meeting their demands.

Direct Dealing

An approach where employers and employees negotiate employment terms without the intermediation of labor unions.