Use A $x ^ { 2 }$ Test to Test the Claim That in the Given Contingency

question 2

Essay

Use a $x ^ { 2 }$ test to test the claim that in the given contingency table, the row variable and the column variable are
independent. Tests for adverse reactions to a new drug yielded the results given in the table. At the 0.05
significance level, test the claim that the treatment (drug or placebo) is independent of the reaction (whether or
not headaches were experienced). $$\begin{array} { r | c c } & \text { Drug } & \text { Placebo } \\\hline \text { Headaches } & 11 & 7 \\\text { No headaches } & 73 & 91\end{array}$$

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Definitions:

Southern Whites

Typically refers to white residents of the Southern United States, historically associated with specific social and cultural characteristics.

1831 Turning Point

A reference to significant historical events or developments in 1831, which could vary by context (e.g., Nat Turner's slave rebellion).

William Lloyd Garrison

An American abolitionist, journalist, and social reformer known for his strong stance against slavery and for the emancipation of slaves in the United States.

The Liberator

An anti-slavery newspaper founded by William Lloyd Garrison in 1831, dedicated to the abolitionist movement in the United States.