Influenza Viruses a and B Contain Eight RNA Strands and Influenza

question 28

Multiple Choice

Influenza viruses A and B contain eight RNA strands and influenza virus C has seven strands. During antigenic drift, genes coding for glycoproteins recognized by the host immune system are mutated,
Whereas during antigenic shift, whole RNA strands can be swapped with those of another influenza
Virus, greatly increasing the virulence and transmissibility of the virus and minimizing the ability of
The host's defenses to recognize it. Which of the following statements is true?

• A) Genetic drift creates a need for an annual flu vaccine to keep up with the seasonal genetic changes, and if genetic shift occurs, an additional vaccine will have to be administered
• Since the shift creates a different strain of virus.
• B) Genetic drift creates a need for an annual flu vaccine to keep up with the seasonal genetic changes, and if a genetic shift occurs, the same vaccine will be effective against both
• Strains.
• C) If a novel strain resulting from antigenic shift appears, it is not necessary to get vaccinated because these strains are typically less pathogenic than seasonal strains.
• D) The worst influenza pandemics throughout history have occurred as a result of genetic drift rather than genetic shift.

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Definitions:

Byzantine Tradition

A cultural and artistic heritage rooted in the Eastern Roman Empire, known for its unique style in architecture, art, and religious practices.

Utrecht Psalter

A highly influential, 9th-century illuminated manuscript containing psalms and other religious texts, noted for its unique and expressive illustrations.

Sutton Hoo

An Anglo-Saxon burial site in England known for its ship burial and wealth of historical artifacts, illuminating the early medieval period.

Baptism

The Christian bathing ceremony in which an infant or a convert becomes a member of the Christian community.