Meningitis Can Be Caused by a Number of Microbes, and the Causative

question 57

Multiple Choice

Meningitis can be caused by a number of microbes, and the causative organism is often identi?ed by microscopic observation of the cerebrospinal ?uid. Identify the mismatch in the following list of organisms and the description of the microscopic observation.

• A) Neisseria meningitidis; gram-negative diplococcus
• B) Streptococcus pneumoniae; gram-positive ?attened coccus
• C) Cryptococcus neoformans; fungal cells with a thick capsule
• D) Listeria monocytogenes; gram-negative coccobacillus with ?agella
• E) Enterovirus; no bacteria appear to be present in CSF

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Definitions:

Operant Conditioning

A learning process in which the strength of a behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment.

Consequences

Outcomes or results that follow an action or decision, potentially having positive or negative effects.

Response Rate

The frequency at which a specific response or behavior occurs, often measured in operant conditioning studies.

Self-Administering Satiation

A technique where an individual repeatedly exposes themselves to a stimulus that initially elicites a strong desire, with the aim of reducing the intensity of that desire over time.