Examlex
Inferior goods have a negative income elasticity of demand.
Price Level
A measure of the average prices of goods and services in an economy at a specific point in time.
Quantity Equation
The equation M × V = P × Y, which relates the quantity of money, the velocity of money, and the dollar value of the economy’s output of goods and services.
Real Interest Rate
The rate of interest an investor expects to receive after allowing for inflation, reflecting the true cost of borrowing and the true return on lending.
Nominal Interest Rate
The interest rate before taking inflation into account, representing the face value of interest payments on loans or investments.
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