Changes in Girls' Performance on Standardized Tests of Mathematics Have

question 23

Multiple Choice

Changes in girls' performance on standardized tests of mathematics have been attributed to changes in:

• A)girls' biochemistry.
• B)nutrition.
• C)the average intelligence of girls.
• D)efforts made by schools.

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Definitions:

Counterfactual Thinking

involves imagining alternative scenarios and outcomes that might have occurred but didn't.

Inevitable Outcomes

Results or consequences that are certain to happen and cannot be avoided or changed.

Predictable Outcomes

Results or consequences that can be anticipated due to known factors, patterns, or previous observations.

Linguistic Fixedness Hypothesis

The idea that language shapes thinking and limits cognitive flexibility, influencing how individuals perceive and solve problems.