Which Type of Design Is Best Revealing of Differences Over

question 47

Essay

Which type of design is best revealing of differences over time and patterns of change?
•longitudinal
•cross-sectional
•naturalistic observation
•microgenetic

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Definitions:

Standard Error

Standard error measures the precision of a sample mean estimate of a population mean, indicating how much the sample mean is expected to fluctuate from the true population mean.

Population Average

The mean value of a given characteristic within an entire population.

Sample Mean

The average of all observations in a sample, calculated by summing the values and dividing by the sample size.

Critical Value

A point on the scale of the test statistic beyond which we reject the null hypothesis; it marks the boundary for deciding whether an observed test statistic is extreme.