In His (2005)paper, John Ioannidis Argued That Most Published Scientific

question 87

Multiple Choice

In his (2005) paper, John Ioannidis argued that most published scientific research findings are false.Which of the following factors does he argue are responsible for this fact?

• A)Science involves the reproduction of prejudice.
• B)Scientific activity is affected by bias.
• C)Bias affects the way data are collected.
• D)Bias affects the way data are interpreted.
• E)All of the above.

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Definitions:

Cash-Vouchers

These are instruments provided to individuals or entities which can be exchanged for goods or services instead of using actual cash.

Income Equality

The equal distribution of income among all members of society, aiming to reduce economic disparities.

Economic Efficiency

A situation in which every resource is optimally allocated to serve each individual or entity in the best way while minimizing waste and inefficiency.

Social Insurance Programs

Programs that replace the earnings lost when people retire or are temporarily unemployed, that are financed by payroll taxes, and that are viewed as earned rights (rather than charity).