Regarding Research Using PET Scans and FMRI with Patients in a Persistent

question 446

Multiple Choice

Regarding research using PET scans and fMRI with patients in a persistent vegetative state, which of the following statements is\are TRUE?

• A)Investigations using fMRI with patients in a persistent vegetative state showed varying degrees of frontal cortical activity in some of the patients.
• B)Some patients in a persistent vegetative state have shown a frontal cortex response to hearing their own names.
• C)When normal individuals and patients in a persistent vegetative state were administered a mildly painful stimulus, PET scans revealed brain activity in the midbrain, thalamus, and somatosensory cortex of both the normal and vegetative subjects.
• D)All of these statements are true.

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Definitions:

Steroid Hormones

Lipid-soluble molecules derived from cholesterol that act as chemical messengers in the body, influencing growth, metabolism, and other functions.

Autocrine Signaling

A form of cell signaling in which a cell produces and secretes a molecule that binds to receptors on the same cell, leading to a response.

Classical Endocrine Signaling

A method of cellular signaling wherein hormones are released by glands into the bloodstream and transported to target organs or tissues to elicit specific physiological responses.

Insulin-like Growth Factor

A protein with high similarity to insulin; it plays an important role in childhood growth and continues to have anabolic effects in adults.