"High-Stakes Tests," Which Can Make or Break a Person's Career

question 553

Multiple Choice

"High-stakes tests," which can make or break a person's career, could be improved in all of the following ways EXCEPT ​

• A) ​using more items that assess recognition of facts through multiple choice formats.
• B) removing all questions that favor one group over another.
• C) ​using computer-based testing, when possible, to reduce the importance of verbal skills and tester bias.
• D) ​providing a pretest orientation for all test takers, so that people who can afford coaching won't have an unfair advantage.

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Definitions:

Shadow Welfare State

A term describing indirect government social welfare policies implemented through tax breaks, subsidies, and other means not directly recognized as social welfare spending.

Tax Breaks

Governmental incentives that reduce the tax liability of individuals or businesses, encouraging certain economic activities or investments.

Tax Expenditures

Tax expenditures are government revenue losses attributed to tax provisions allowing special exclusions, exemptions, or deductions from taxable income or providing tax credits.

National Treasury

The government department responsible for developing and implementing the country’s financial and tax policies, managing government revenue, and economic policy.