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Unpolarized light of intensity I0 is sent through an arrangement of 4 polarizers. Each polarizer (after the first) is rotated 30° relative to the preceding one, so that the last polarizer is perpendicular to the first. What is the intensity transmitted by this system?
Marginal Tax Rates
The amount of tax paid on an additional dollar of income, which can vary by income level and type of taxpayer.
Federal Personal Income Tax
A tax levied by the federal government on the annual income of individuals, with rates varying based on income levels.
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The ratio of total taxes paid to total income, expressing the fraction of income that is paid in taxes.
Taxable Income
The portion of an individual's or corporation's income that is subject to taxation according to federal or state law.
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