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A thin spherical shell of radius 20.0 cm has 5.0 µC of charge uniformly distributed over its surface. What is the electric flux through an area of 1.00 m2 of a spherical surface concentric with the shell of charge but having a radius of 1.00 m?
Causality
The relationship between cause and effect where one variable causes the change in another.
Multiple Regression
An approach in statistics where multiple predictors are used to estimate the outcome of a target variable.
Path Analysis
A specialized type of structural equation modeling used to describe directed dependencies among a set of variables, suitable for analyzing complex causal relationships.
Causality
The concept that an event (the cause) directly leads to another event (the effect) through a causal relationship.
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