According to Higgins J in Amalgamated Society of Engineers V

question 23

Multiple Choice

According to Higgins J in Amalgamated Society of Engineers v the Adelaide Steamship Co Ltd (1920) 28 CLR 129:

• A)the fundamental rule of interpretation is that a statute should be read according to the conventions of society at that time.
• B)the intention of parliament in making legislation is irrelevant to interpretation of that legislation.
• C)the question is not what the language of a statute means but rather what we think parliament intended it to mean.
• D)the language of a statute must be interpreted according to its ordinary and natural sense even where the result may be inconvenient, impolitic or improbable.

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Definitions:

Penalty

A punishment imposed for violating a rule, law, or agreement.

Negative Reinforcement

A process in operant conditioning where a response is strengthened by stopping, removing, or avoiding a negative outcome or aversive stimulus.

Withdrawing

The act of pulling back or removing oneself from a particular situation, interaction, or engagement.

Primary Reinforcer

A stimulus that satisfies a basic need or inherently reinforces a behavior, such as food or water.