What Causes the Refractory Period in Sodium Channels After an Action

question 24

Multiple Choice

What causes the refractory period in sodium channels after an action potential has been initiated? (Select all correct responses)

• A)The sodium channels must close before they can be reopened in response to another stimulus.
• B)The ion channel can only transform from the inactivated to the closed conformation after the inactivating peptide has swung out of the pore opening.
• C)The ion channel can only transform from the closed to the inactivated conformation after the inactivating peptide has swung out of the pore opening.
• D)The inactivating peptide must bind to the pore opening more tightly before the channel can be restimulated.

Distinguish between t test for independent samples and t test for dependent samples, including their respective uses and requirements.

Identify appropriate statistical techniques for examining groups or conditions at different times or under different conditions.

Recognize the circumstances under which a t test for dependent samples is utilized.

Explain the concept of D score in the context of t test for dependent samples.

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