Bernard Believes That His Intelligence Is Fixed and That There

question 68

Multiple Choice

Bernard believes that his intelligence is fixed and that there is little he can do to change it. When Bernard encounters failure, he would be expected to

• A) work persistently to solve the problem.
• B) believe that his failure is due to a lack of effort.
• C) believe he is still smart regardless of the failure.
• D) feel helpless.

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Definitions:

Personal Identification

A psychological process where individuals associate their identity with the characteristics, values, or beliefs of another person or group.

Social Identities

are the facets of individuals' self-concepts that are derived from their perceived membership in social groups, influencing their feelings, beliefs, and behaviors.

Leader Optimism

The tendency of leaders to maintain a positive outlook, even in challenging situations, and to convey hope and confidence to their followers.

Excessive Optimism

An overly positive outlook or expectation, which may result in unrealistic planning or underestimated risks.