Five-Year-Old John Is Shown Two Toys

question 64

Multiple Choice

Five-year-old John is shown two toys. He is told the first toy, a type of machine that he has never before seen, is "for girls." He is told the second toy, a type of kitchen apparatus that he has never before seen, is "for boys." John is MOST likely to play with

• A) the machine.
• B) the kitchen apparatus.
• C) both toys equally.
• D) neither toy, as he will be confused about which one is appropriate for him.

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Definitions:

Causal Hypothesis

A statement predicting a precise relationship between two or more variables, where changes in one variable cause changes in another.

Initial Causal Hypothesis

The original assumption or proposition about the cause-and-effect relationship between variables, awaiting testing or verification.

Salient Aspect

A feature or characteristic that stands out prominently and is often the focus of attention or consideration.

Kelley's Covariation Model

a psychological theory that explains how individuals attribute cause to behavior based on the consistency, distinctiveness, and consensus of the observed action.