Which Statement About the Association Between Harsh Physical Punishment and Children's

question 55

Multiple Choice

Which statement about the association between harsh physical punishment and children's externalizing problems is supported by recent research?

• A) Harsh physical punishment has a stronger effect on children's externalizing problems than vice versa.
• B) Children's externalizing problems have a stronger effect on harsh physical punishment than vice versa.
• C) The association is equally strong in both directions.
• D) The correlation between harsh physical punishment and children's externalizing problems is explained almost entirely by genetics.

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Definitions:

Error Variance

The portion of variability in a set of data that arises from random factors or measurement errors, unrelated to the variables being studied.

Significant Relationships

Refers to statistically meaningful connections or correlations identified between two or more variables.

Cross-Cultural Research

Research that compares cultural contexts to understand differences and similarities in behaviors, traditions, beliefs, and other cultural aspects.

United States

A country in North America consisting of 50 states, known for its significant influence in global economics, politics, culture, and technology.